The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for reliable personal protective equipment (PPE) and for rapid, validated methods to assess antiviral performance of textiles and filtration materials. Antiviral activity can potentially be enhanced using engineered nanomaterials due to their surface properties, but introducing such materials into PPE raises challenges related to efficacy, test standardisation, durability under extreme conditions and safety for users and the environment. Existing antiviral textile tests often rely on live viruses and high biosafety laboratories, which limits scalability and preparedness for future pandemics. Moreover, different nanomaterials (e.g., silver, zinc oxide, combinations) may provide different antiviral performance and risk profiles, and their immobilisation on PPE substrates must remain effective under realistic storage and use conditions. ANOPSA addresses these needs by developing and comparing antiviral nanomaterial-enabled PPE concepts, strengthening validated testing approaches (including virus-like particles) and assessing potential risks associated with nanomaterials in PPE.